模板方法(Template Method)

在一个方法中定义一个算法的骨架, 而将一些步骤延迟到子类中. 模板方法使得子类可以在不改变算法结构的情况下, 重新定义算法中的某些步骤。

比方说冲咖啡和冲茶都有类似的流程，但是某些步骤会有点不一样，要求复用那些相同步骤的代码。

public abstract class CaffeineBeverage {
 
    final void prepareRecipe() {
        boilWater();
        brew();
        pourInCup();
        addCondiments();
    }
 
    abstract void brew();
 
    abstract void addCondiments();
 
    void boilWater() {
        System.out.println("boilWater");
    }
 
    void pourInCup() {
        System.out.println("pourInCup");
    }
}

public class Coffee extends CaffeineBeverage {
    @Override
    void brew() {
        System.out.println("Coffee.brew");
    }
 
    @Override
    void addCondiments() {
        System.out.println("Coffee.addCondiments");
    }
}

public class Tea extends CaffeineBeverage {
    @Override
    void brew() {
        System.out.println("Tea.brew");
    }
 
    @Override
    void addCondiments() {
        System.out.println("Tea.addCondiments");
    }
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CaffeineBeverage caffeineBeverage = new Coffee();
        caffeineBeverage.prepareRecipe();
        System.out.println("-----------");
        caffeineBeverage = new Tea();
        caffeineBeverage.prepareRecipe();
    }
}

boilWater
Coffee.brew
pourInCup
Coffee.addCondiments
-----------
boilWater
Tea.brew
pourInCup
Tea.addCondiments

组合(Composite)