模板方法(Template Method)
在一个方法中定义一个算法的骨架, 而将一些步骤延迟到子类中. 模板方法使得子类可以在不改变算法结构的情况下, 重新定义算法中的某些步骤。
比方说 冲咖啡和冲茶都有类似的流程,但是某些步骤会有点不一样,要求复用那些相同步骤的代码。
public abstract class CaffeineBeverage {
final void prepareRecipe() {
boilWater();
brew();
pourInCup();
addCondiments();
}
abstract void brew();
abstract void addCondiments();
void boilWater() {
System.out.println("boilWater");
}
void pourInCup() {
System.out.println("pourInCup");
}
}
public class Coffee extends CaffeineBeverage {
@Override
void brew() {
System.out.println("Coffee.brew");
}
@Override
void addCondiments() {
System.out.println("Coffee.addCondiments");
}
}
public class Tea extends CaffeineBeverage {
@Override
void brew() {
System.out.println("Tea.brew");
}
@Override
void addCondiments() {
System.out.println("Tea.addCondiments");
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CaffeineBeverage caffeineBeverage = new Coffee();
caffeineBeverage.prepareRecipe();
System.out.println("-----------");
caffeineBeverage = new Tea();
caffeineBeverage.prepareRecipe();
}
}
boilWater
Coffee.brew
pourInCup
Coffee.addCondiments
-----------
boilWater
Tea.brew
pourInCup
Tea.addCondiments