观察者(Observer)

在对象之间定义一对多的依赖, 这样一来, 当一个对象改变状态, 依赖它的对象都会收到通知, 并自动更新。

定义对象之间的一对多依赖，当一个对象状态改变时，它的所有依赖都会收到通知并且自动更新状态。主题(Subject)是被观察的对象，而其所有依赖者(Observer)称为观察者。

一个比较常用的场景就是分布式应用共用一个配置中心, 配置中心值变更后需要通知到所有应用更新配置,

¶ 实现

天气数据布告板会在天气信息发生改变时更新其内容，布告板有多个，并且在将来会继续增加。

public interface Subject {
    void resisterObserver(Observer o);
 
    void removeObserver(Observer o);
 
    void notifyObserver();
}

public class WeatherData implements Subject {
    private List<Observer> observers;
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private float pressure;
 
    public WeatherData() {
        observers = new ArrayList<>();
    }
 
    public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        notifyObserver();
    }
 
    @Override
    public void resisterObserver(Observer o) {
        observers.add(o);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
        int i = observers.indexOf(o);
        if (i >= 0) {
            observers.remove(i);
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public void notifyObserver() {
        for (Observer o : observers) {
            o.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
        }
    }
}

public interface Observer {
    void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure);
}

public class StatisticsDisplay implements Observer {
 
    public StatisticsDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
        weatherData.resisterObserver(this);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        System.out.println("StatisticsDisplay.update: " + temp + " " + humidity + " " + pressure);
    }
}

public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer {
 
    public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
        weatherData.resisterObserver(this);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        System.out.println("CurrentConditionsDisplay.update: " + temp + " " + humidity + " " + pressure);
    }
}

public class WeatherStation {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
        CurrentConditionsDisplay currentConditionsDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
        StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsDisplay(weatherData);
 
        weatherData.setMeasurements(0, 0, 0);
        weatherData.setMeasurements(1, 1, 1);
    }
}

CurrentConditionsDisplay.update: 0.0 0.0 0.0
StatisticsDisplay.update: 0.0 0.0 0.0
CurrentConditionsDisplay.update: 1.0 1.0 1.0
StatisticsDisplay.update: 1.0 1.0 1.0